Snap action device



july 27, 1954 H. F. MASON SNAP vACTION DEVICE original Filed May 1e, 195D 2 Sheets-Sheet l July 27, 1954 H. F. MASON 2,684,843

SNAP ACTION DEVICE Original Filed May 16, 1950 2 Sheets- Sheet 2 gy Ams A nuxit/67.5

Patented July 27, 1954 SNAP ACTION DEVICE Howard F. Mason, Los Angeles, Calif., assignor to Mason Electric Corporation,

Los Angeles, Calif.,

a corporation of California Original application May 16, 1950, Serial No. Divided and this application August 25, 1951, Serial No. 243,722

10 Claims.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in snap action devices and is described herein particularly in its application to electrical switches of the momentary or selfcentering type. It is contemplated, however, that the device may be adapted for use in other structures Where the advantages of the device are deemed practical.

This application is a division of now pending application Serial No. 162,256, led May 16, 1950, for a snap switch.

Heretofore, momentary switch structure development has not suiciently advanced to accommodate the mandatory prerequisites required for certain usage. For instance, in the aircraft industry, particular need is for a momentary switch with a positive feel or snap action to aliirmatively apprise the operator theren of by sense of touch of the completing or interrupting of an electrical circuit for the predominant noise level in aircraft precludes use of the sense of hearing. Snap characteristics have been incorporated into switch design by means of current carrying leaf springs or reverse bend stress buckling devices intermediate the control toggle or plunger and the contact of the circuit to be completed. Such design has proved unsatisfactory and potentially hazardous in aircraft for no provision is made for forceably separating the contacts in the event of their fusing together as may be cause by remote short circuit in the electrical network.

Further, it is not infrequent that the buckling devices themselves form a part of the electrical circuit to be completed wherein their functional f characteristics are subject to alteration due to current passing therethrough. Prior attempts to alleviate this danger resulted in addition of undesirable components supplementing the already excessive weight and size of aircraft control devices.

It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a snap action device that requires a relatively small amount of travel of the force applied to iieX the device and provides a relatively high reactive force to the force so applied.

It is another object to provide a device of the above character in which the reactive force provided thereby is substantially relieved at an intermediate point of travel of the force applied. f

Another object is to provide a snap action device which will occupy a minimum of space and which may be closely confined Within a same limited space while either in a normal or a exed condition.

It is another object to provide a snap action device for an electrical switch adapted to be manually operated whereby the relieving of the reactive force of the device may be perceived by touch.

Another object is to provide a snap action device that imparts a progressively increasing reactive force to the force applied through the initial travel of the force which reactive force at the maximum thereof is then relieved through llexure of the device thereby imparting a reactive force of a flaccid nature throughout the subsequent travel of the force applied.

Another object is to provide a snap action device comprising a unitary deformed leaf material in which the lexure is so limited that the device is capable of withstanding a relatively higher number of operating cycles without fatigue or failure as compared to now conventional snap acting devices.

Another object is to provide a snap action device comprising a plurality of unitary leaf members which may be stacked or nested in superimposition and in such a number as to satisfy desired requirements of reactive force.

A further object is to provide a snap action device of the foregoing character with a support member which co-operates with the exing element in such a manner as to accentuate the snap action.

An additional object is to provide the support member with projections for operative engagement with the flexing' element during a cycle of operation of the snap action device.

The invention also has for its objects to provide such means that are positive in operation, economical of manufacture, relatively simple, and of general superiority and serviceability.

The invention also comprises novel details of construction and novel combinations and arrangements of parts, which will more fully appear in the course of the following description. However, the drawings merely show and the following description merely describes a preferred embodiment of the present invention in cooperation with an electrical switch, which is given by way of illustration or example only.

In the drawings, like reference characters designate similar parts in the several views.

Fig. l is a side elevational view of an electric switch that incorporates the present invention, the switch being shown with the case partially removed and showing the internal working parts thereof;

Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the structure shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view, partially cut away, taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional plan view taken along the line -i of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a sectional plan View taken along the line 5-5 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the spring element or detent embodied in the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the support member that may be used in conjunction with the spring detent of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a perspective View of the armature of the switch of Fig. 1;

Figs. 9a and 9b are enlarged elevational sections of the spring detent shown in the normal and in the stressed positions respectively; and

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary sectional plan vier` of the cap taken along the line Ill-lil of Fig. l.

In the drawings, wherein for the purpose of illustration is shown the preferred embodiment of this invention, and first particularly refer ing to Figs. 1-5, inclusive, representing an electrical switch incorporating the snap action device of the present invention, the reference numeral I@ indicates the frame of the switch which is preferably fabricated of sheet metal and having a base li with a center hole I2 therein as seen in Fig. 5 and having upturned side portions i3, the side portions meeting at their edges as indicated by the numeral ill, thus forming a cavity l5 for the frame. The frame Il! is shown as substantially a parallelepiped, but it is within contemplation that other forms may be Constr cted, for example, cylindrical or octagonal.

A lrey plate i5 as best seen in Figs. 3 and 5 having an outside periphery corresponding to the inner wall surfaces i8 of the frame l is attached to the base i i on the cavity side thereof by means of a plurality of studs le, the studs being secured to the base extending through the key plate to provide a protruding stem 2G adjacent each side portion i3. The key plate i6 is provided with a central void extending therethrough and having an internal periphery substantially parallel to the side portions I3.

A guide bar 25 is provided at each juncture lll of adjacent side portions, extending from the key plate l to the opening of the cavity I5, and is secured to each adjacent side portion by spot welding or any adequate attaching means. Such securing effects complete structure rigidity of the frame iii and retains the key plate l5 in position.

Disposed between each adjacent pair of guide bars 25 is a support plate 2t (detailed in Fig. 7) and one or a plurality of spring detents 2l (detailed in Fig. 6) associated with each plate, which comprise the spring means for the switch. The spring detente 2l may be used individually or nested together as indicated in the drawings. For purposes of expediency, the function of the plate 25 and detents 2 will be described hereinafter.

Refer ing to Fig. 7, the support plate 26 has a base portion 28 and upturned opposite ends 29 and 3Q substantially parallel to each other to provide retaining ahutments for the detents 2l. The end 29 is provided with a notch 3l on the outer edge 32 thereof, whereas the end 3i) has a circumferential depression 53 on the outer edge fill thereof.

One or more spring detents 2 may be nested or stacked on the base portion 28 and within the ends 29 and Se of the support plate '6 and the combination slidably inserted between the guide bars 25 (see Fig. 5) to engagement with the key plate i6 whereby the protruding stem 2? of a stud I9 engages the notch 3i to retain the base portion of the plate in xed abutment with the inner side wall i8 of the side portion 43. The stem t@ also serves to prevent the detent 2l from falling rom position. Thus, it is readily seen that the support plate 26 and its associated detent 2i are retained in position on three sides.

To ccm-plete the securing of the plate '2.3 the detent 2l, a bracket 39., as best seen in Figs. 1 and 4, is attached, for example, by spot welding to the outer surface of each side portion i3. each bracket being provided with extending iingers i2 that bend over the side portions and into the cavity i5 and firmly engage the outer edge 3K5 of the support plate 2S and extend further to retain a detent cr detents 2l in position.

The brackets it also serve by means of integral 6 to mount electrical contact assemblies 43 to the frame Each assembly A3, as best seen in Fig. 3, comprises an arm or pole it made of a flat strip of elect 'ical conductive material and sufficiently flexible and resilient to yield along the flat under cantilever stress as hereinafter will be described. At one end of the arm il is a contact button liti, the other end 'l being provided with a hole to receive connecting wire, A ban-:l of electrical insulating material el is wrapped about the arm te intermediate the ends thereof so that when the assem. ly i3 is placed in position it will he electrically insulated from the frame i. The straps el! that laterally extend from the bracket are bent over to secure the assembly dii in such a position that the contact button @E is disposed above and directly to 'd the cavity lil of tt e name it. For purposes of iln lustration only, four contacts are ut ized and are symmetrically disposed about the i1 ne it and directed toward the cavity i5. lt contemplated, however, that the structure may be so arranged to accommodate any plurality or contact buttons symmetrically disposed about the said frame, The associated arm lil of each contact i5 is connected at the hole il to the appropriate circuit to be connected or energized.

The abovernentioned plurality of circuits are individually energized from a common source of potential and are initiated by a manually displaceable armature 5t as seen in Fig. 1 which is partially disposed in the confines of the cavity l5 and having contact buttons 5i appropriately located thereon and juxtaposed opposite to the corresponding contact buttons l5 of the assemblies 33.

The armature 5&3, as detailed in Fig. 8, is essentially a shaft 52 and has a stem S3 that ei;- tends through the center hole l2 of the base il as best seen in Fig. 3. The armature 5@ is limited in vertical movement by means of a screw or stud 54 tapped or pressed into the stein 51.3 from the exterior of the frame ill. A lockwasher 55 may be used to prevent the screw 514 from loosening due to external vibration as well as to provide a greater contact area against the base H. The stem 53 is of such diameter and suicient length to extend substantially through the base i l so as to permit the armature 5t to be angularly displaced within the cavity without stressing the base Il. The actuated end til of the armature .50 is provided with an undercut 58 and a dowel 01' pin hole 59 to accommodate attachment ci a knob 5t, as seen in. Fig'. l. Intermediate the ends of the armature 5d is an enlarged portion e@ that may be of any suitable 4shape to provide an adequate mounting area for tho contact buttons 5I. The drawing shows this enlarged portion 5t to be substantially cuboid in shape providing mounting spaces or surfaces 6i to which the contacts 5i are rigidly ixed and electrically conn ductive thereto.

Adjacent the stem 53 is another enlarged porn tion 63 having faces dit parallel to faces @l of the enlarged portion tit. Each surface ci has salient stud 55 protruding therefrom to engage with its corresponding detent 2l when the arman ture 5@ is angularly moved toward the said detent. The stud 55 is rigidly pressed into each surface 5ft and is made of an insulating material and abradable as compared to the detent 2l so that any abrasion or wear will appear at the stud 65 so as to preserve the spring characteristics of the detent. The surfaces Sli are grooved transversely and tangential to the shaft ci. indicated by the numeral te to preclude interference with the studs is when the armature is displaced.

The bottom face il of portion t3 is substantially spheroid in form, being in abutment with the base ll and accommodates the rocking tion of the armature 5@ at the base il of the frame it so as to maintain continuous electrical Contact therewith. Referring to Fig. 3, the contact of the armature 5@ with the base li can he visualized. Effectively the armature may be disw placed from the vertical in any direction, as by universal movement, and maintain itself in con tinuous Contact with the base il.

Since a plurality of the detente 21 adapted to the frame lil are juxtaposed opposite the correw Spending stud E55 oi the armature Ed, the detente themselves provide a means to maintain the free- 1y displaceable armature 5? centermost of the cavity i5 and out of engagement with the conm tact buttons d5. In. Figs. l and the switch contacts are all normally open. However, it is conn templated that one or more may be normally closed. Manual armature actuation to the phantom position indicated by numeral @il as seen in will cause engagement of corresponding contacts fili and 5l to energize the sociated circuits. Release of the armature will result in the associated detent fill forceably rem turning the armature 5@ to its center normal position.

The electrical aspects of the switch are as follows: The armature 5t serves as a common terminus for all of the contacts 55. A source of electrical energy may he applied to the armaH ture 59 through the medium of a common terM minal "i0 that may be attached to any portion ci? the frame l c, in the drawings being indicated attached to the outer face of the base l i as best seen in Fig. 2. Electrical energy is conducted from the base l l (see Fig. 3) through the surfacen contact of spheroid face el of the armature at and thence through the armature to the contacts 5| thereon. Angular displacement of the armature 50 toward any of the contacts 4E, being against restraint of the associated detent 21, communicates the appropriate contacts 45 and 5i thereby conducting the potential through the associated arm d4 and to the circuit to be energized.

Particularly significant during engagement of contacts 45 and 5I is the progressive wiping action thereof as the armature 5@ moves to its maximum displacement. cated, the arm 44 is resilient and when Contact is made, it will yieldingly move away from the upper portion of the frame l0 under influence of the armature. The pivotal motion of the armature, its radius arm, and the outward angle of the arm 44 all coactively interrelate so that from the instant of contact to the maximum displacement of the armature, the contacts e5 and 5l will Slide or wipe with respect to each other, the said wipe being effective as to both of said contacts. Thus, if the engaging surface has oxidized, pitted or become contaminated by foreign elements, the slide action will substantially assure completion of the circuit to be energized. Further, the relative portion of the contacts will effectively wipe the surface and remove, by abrasion, the deposit of foreign substances that may have accumulated thereon.

The hazard of fused contacts is minimized by the structure disclosed in that the contacts may be forceably separated by manual pressure f the operator in the event that the detent force is insufficient to separate the contacts. Angular displacement of the knob 5S away from the fused contacts tends to draw the arm it along with the armature 59. The internal shearing stress built up in the arm d4 coupled with longitudinal stress therein as the contacts tend to wipe is suiiicient to separate the contacts die and 5l under usual fused conditions. In addition, when the arm i4 has returned to a position wherein it presses against the bracket 3: which is mounted to the frame Ill, its motion is further restrained at the upper portion of the frame to practically assure interrupting the circuit.

Hence, there is provided a means to individually energize the four circuits that may be connected to the arms lift. Although four paths for circuit energization are shown in the drawing, such is not to be deemed a limitation of the disclosure. Itis contemplated that the frame struc ture and associated components be designed in variation to accommodate a plurality of circuits, niore or less than represented herein.

The switch assembly, as above described, is disposed within the confines of a hollow case il@ as seen in Fig. 1, the case being preferably formed of an insulating material such as Bakelite, and the assembly being retained in said oase by a iiller substance Sli such as polyethyl and properly heat treated to cause adherence of the switch assembly to the case. A cap Q2 is rigidly aiiixed to the top of the case and is provided with a central opening therethrough deined by coalescent circumferential coves S3, as best shown in Fig. l0, that are adapted to receive the armature il!! when displaced. The coves E33 are effective to direct as well as limit the motion of the displaced armature, as indicated in phantom by the numeral Qd.

The detent 2l provides a novel means of action of the switch armature and the resultant physically perceptible snap. Fig. 6 shows a pel'- spective of the detent 2l in detail in normal position. Figs. 9a and 9b show an exaggerated cross section of the detent as normal and as iiexed re- As hereinabove indi-` .into rni point contact with the spectively, when operatively associated With the support plate 2t. As hereinbefore indicated, a stud 65 is the engaging member with the detent, the force being represented by the arrow il as seen in Figs. 9a and 9b.

The detent il is preferably made of a material such as strip beryllium copper which, after fab `ioation and heat treating, is highly resilient and fatigue resistant. It is substantially rectangular in plan view with a length approximaten ly twice that of the Width, but dimensional variations are expressly Within the scope oi the dis-m closure. In both side elevations, the detent 2l' is convexe-concave or slightly arched rendering the strip or leaf convexe-concave in both dimensions. Two symmetrical longitudinal and curvilinear slots or voids lil are die stamped or perforated through the detent to provide an intermediate or center band l5 and two side bands 'i6 which terminate at buttress ends ll. The center band l5 is provided with a more pro nounced arch than the side bands and protrudes above the side bands as shown in Fig. 9a. Also, the center band l5 is further deformed intermediate its ends by an upwardly coved transverse arch iii. Two convexe-concave reinforcing ribs Si provide further deformation oi the center band 'i5 and buttress ends 'il being longitudinal of the center band i5 and extending from a point adjacent the transverse arch lil to and through the buttress ends "El, thereby forming channels E2 on the under side thereof.

The detent 2i is flexed by means of force applied to the transverse arch le. liet it be assumed that the detent is placed upon a flat supporting surface and force progressively applied. Thel said force tends to flatten the center band i5 causing the ends "il to first depress into rm contact with the support surface. The iorce also tends to spread the buttress ends 'il away from each other thereby effectively causing the side bands to corne into nat engagement with the support surface. Further, the force tends to transversely flatten the buttress ends ll. When this longitudinal and transverse flattening reaches an ultimate point, the center band 'l5 is under considerable stress, the forces being resolved against the sides of the transverse arch "59 and resulting in a flexing thereof to permit the center band to snap through in a direction normal to the surface, the reactive force component operating through the reinforcing ribs to cause the buttress ends to rise from the surface. Simultaneously, the side bands it will rise Jfrom the suriace. The detent is then flexed as seen in 9b but under internal stress that tends to cause a return to normal position as seen in Fig. 9c.

If the detent 2l is used in conjunction with the support plate i5, a more positive snap ac tion Will occur. Thi is primarily due to two salient projections or dimples ed which are provided in the base portion 2S of the support plate 25. The projections til are substantially laterally central of the base portion EB and adjacent the depending ends 2i! and 3s and so positioned to engage the channels 52 of the detent 2l. The initial force on the center band 'i5 tends to flatten it, but instead of the ends il thereof being firinly pressed onto the support surface as herein before indicated, the channels @-2 are depressed dimples 8d. The side bands E5 and buttress ends 'il progressively flatten, but the opposing force is now primarily at projections 84. Under these conditions, the

snap through of the detent is more pronounced.

The support plate it may be provided with a third upwardly convex projection or dimple B5 located symmetrically centerniost of the base portion to engage with the under side of the transverse arch it. ln this manner, any eX- cessive force that may he applied to the detent will not crush the transverse arch.

ieculiarly characteristic or the detent action is the restraining orce opposing the force applied. For example, but not in lii "sation, the detent may be so designed that tivo one-hall' pounds 'force is necessary to cause a snap through, however, only one-half pound is necessary to maintain the detent flexed. lectively, therefore, the restraining torce is relieved to such an extent to retain only sumcient iorce to assure a return oi the armature to neutral. The internal stresses in the detent tend to return it to normal provide only relatively small force against its engaging stud wh h is physically perceptible at the armature a naccid or spongy condition. Little eiiort, therefore, is necessary to maintain the contacts closed. Upon relieving the holding force by the operator, the internal t relieved and stresses in the detent are transmitted to the armature as a physically perceptible snap. Accordingly, the operator has a definite touch indication when the circuit is closed or opened.

The force necessary to actuate capable o variation by usine a p of detents nested or placed on top oi each other. Fig. 3 is representative ci such application wherein three detents are shown in cross section ior each individual switch element.

rihe function of the dei-ent i'y ininiirisi ing at the contacts may ncrv he readi stood in that the contacts maire and/or break with a considerably greater velocity than they would otherwise in the absence ci the detente. The increase in velocity is erected due to the relieving oi the restraining iorce as the detent snaps through. Conversely, when permitting the circuit to open, the internal stresses in the detent that convert to an active torce when snapping bach increase the velocity oi cont et break. The interaction ci" the detent with t e purely physical muscular reaction of operator aiicrds this velocity increase Without the aid of mechanical acceleration devices.

While the invention that has been illustrated and descriied is new as E preferred embodiment, the construction is, oi course, subject to modifications without de" C r1 the spirit and scope oi the invention. fore, not desired to restrict invention to the particular forni or construction il' .strated and described, but to cover all modifications that may fall Within the scope oi the appended claims.

l claim as my invention:

i. 'in a snap action device: spring shaped in convexe-concave forni in a lon tudinal direction having stresses therein tendlig to Yr-caintain said spring extending in a ncrally stable longi udinal direction, including perrorstions therethrough to provide longitudinally thereof tvJo side portions an intermediate po on terin buttress ends; a conv io-concave rib formed in each butti' ss end and extending partially through said intermediate portion; and means operative to exert an ext rnal iorce cn said intermediate rtion to flatten and cause said spring to iiex with a snap action.

2. lin a snap action device: a lea spring shaped in convexo-concave form in a longitudinal direction having stresses therein tending to maintain said spring extending in a normally stable longitudinal direction including slots therethrough toprovide longitudinally thereof two side portions and an intermediate portion terminating in buttress ends, said intermediate portion having a more pronounced deformation than said side portions; a convexe-concave rib formed in each buttress end and extending partially through said intermediate portion; and means operative to exert an external force on said intermediate portion to atten and cause said spring to flex with a snap action.

3. In a snap action device: a leaf spring shaped in convexe-concave form in both dimensions having stresses therein tending to maintain said spring extending in a normally stable longitudinal direction, and including slots therethrough to provide longitudinally tleereof two side portions and a center portion: a transverse arch substantially said center portion for further deformation thereof; and means operative to exert an external force on said arch to cause said spring to ex with a snap action.

4. In a snap action device: a leaf spring shaped in convexoconcave form throughout its length and across its width having stresses therein tending to maintain said spring stable in said form, and including curvilinear slots therethrough to provide substantialiy long-Yitudinalh7 thereof tvvo side portions and a center portion terminating in buttress ends, said center portion having a more pronounced deformation than said side portions; a convexo-concave rib in each buttress end longitudinally of said spring and extending partially through said center portion; a transverse arch in said center portion for further deformation thereof; and means operative to exert an external force on said arch to cause said spring to flex with a snap action.

5. in a snap action device: a leai' spring shaped in convexo-ccncare form in a longitudinal direction having stresses therein tending to maintain said spring stable in said form, and including slots therethrough to provide longitudinally thereof two side portions and an intermediate portion terminating in buttress ends; a convexe-concave rih in each buttress end longitudinal of said spring and extending partially through said intermediate portion; a support for said spring providing a pair of projections for operative engagement with the concave side oi said ribs; and means operative to exert an external force on said intermediate portion against restraint of said projections to cause said spring to flex with a snap action.

6. In a snap action device: a leaf spring shaped in convexo-concave form in a longitudinal direction having curvilinear slots therethrough to provide longitudinally thereof tWo side portions and a center portion terminating in buttress ends, said spring having stresses therein tending to maintain it normally stable in said form; a transverse arch in said center portion for further deformation thereof; a convexo-concave rib in each buttress end longitudinal of said spring and extending partially through said center portion; a support for said spring providing a pair of rirst projections for operative engagement with the concave side of said ribs and a second projection for operative engagement with the concave side of said arch; and means operative to exert an external force on said arch against restraint of said first projections to cause said spring to flex with a snap action and render said second projection in rm abutment with said transverse arch.

7. A snap action device comprising: an integral strip of spring material in convexo-concave form in a longitudinal direction and slotted longitudinally to form a pair of side portions and an intermediate portion terminating in buttress ends; deformations in said spring providing internal stresses therein including a more pronounced deformation of said intermediate portion alcove the curvilinear plane of said side portions; a transverse arch substantially across said intermediate portion; aYconvexo-concave rib in each buttress and extending longitudinally of said spring and partially through said intermediate portion; a support for said spring having a pair of first projections for comparative engagement with the concave side of said ribs and a second projection for limiting engagement with said transverse arch; and means operative to exert an external force on said transverse arch against restraint of said lrst projections to cause said spring to flex with a snap action, the motion thereoi being limited hy engagement of said second projection with said transverse arch.

V8. In a snap action device: a leaf spring shaped in convexoconcave form in at least one dimension and having stresses therein tending to maintain said spring extending in a normally stable direction along one of said dimensions including perforations therethrough to provide along one of said dimensions two side portions and an intermediate portion terminating in buttress ends; a convexo-concave rib formed in each buttress end and extending partially through said intermediate portion; and means operative to exert an external force on said intermediate portion to flatten and cause said spring to fiex with a snap action.

9. In a snap action device: a leaf spring shaped in convexo-concave form in a longitudinal direction having stresses therein tending to maintain said spring stable in said form, and including slots therethrough to provide longitudinally thereof tv/o side portions and an intermediate portion terminating in buttress ends; a convexo-concave rib in at least one of said buttress ends longitudinal of said spring and extending partially through said intcrmediate portion; a support for said spring providing a projection for operative engagement with the concave side of said ribs; and means operative to exert an external force on said intermediate portion against restraint of each of said projections to cause said spring to flex with a snap action.

l0. In a snap action device comprising an integral strip of spring material in convexeconcave form in a longitudinal direction and slotted longitudinally to form a pair of side portions and an intermediate portion terminating in buttress ends: deformations in said spring providing internal stresses therein including a more pronounced deformation of said intermediate portion above the curvilinear plane of said side portions; a transverse arch substantially across said intermediate portion; a convexe-concave rih in each buttress end extending' longitudinally of said spring and partially through said intermediate portion; a support for said spring having a pair of rst projections for cooperative engagement With the concave side of said ribs and a second projection for limiting engagement with said transverse arch; a pair of upstanding abutments for said support juxta.

posed opposite said buttress ends to retain said spring longitudinally of said support; and means operative to exert an external force on said transverse arch against restraint of said first projections to cause said spring to flex with a' snap action, the motion thereof being limited by engagement of said second projection with said transverse arch.

Name Date Hollis Sept. 25, 1951 Number Re. 23,412

Number Number 10 457,925

Name Date Mottlau May 8, 1928 Spencer Jan. 31, 1933 Lee July 22, 1941 Burch Oct. 20, 1942 Rath Feb. 1, 1944 Clark Aug. 16, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Germany Mar. 27, 1928 

